Abbreviations commonly used in prescriptions and medication order

 Abbreviations commonly used in prescriptions and medication order

o.d/q.d             = once a day

a.u.                  = each ear

a.m                  = morning

aa.                   = of each

ac.                   = before meal

ad                    = up to

b.id                  = twice a day

BP                   = British pharmacopoeia

IP                     = Indian pharmacopocia

C                      = with

ex. aq.              = in water

Gtt.                  = Drop

Tbsp.                = table spoonful

SC, subc or subq. = sub- cutaneously

SS.                   = one-half

S.O.S                = if needed or when necessary

Tsp.                  = tea spoonful

USP                 = united states Pharmacopoeia

h.s                   = at bedtime/before sleep

h. or hr.           = hour

JVPB               = intravenous piggy back

NF                   = National formulary

NMT                 = Not more than

NPO                 = Nothing by mouth

P.C.                  = after meals

p.m.                  = afternoon; evening

P.O.                  = by mouth

P.r.n                 = When required

Pulv                 = Powder

q.n.                  = Every hour

q.o.d                 = Every other day

q.s                   = a sufficient quantity to make.

RL                    =Ringer's lactate.

Nepal Pharmacy council Exam | Model Questions | B. Pharmacy | Liscense Exam

 

Competencies for Pharmacists | Some Important Dates and Events | Pharma Liscense Preparation | Nepal Pharmacy Council

Vacancy Announcement !

 National Healthcare Pvt. Ltd., One of the leading pharmaceutical Company of Nepal, invites applications from suitable candidates for its various marketing divisions.

Post : Medical Sales Officer

Qualification : B. Pharm / B.Sc or equivalent Graduates

Headquarters & Divisions 

Pokhara : Spectra Healthcare-Azul

Bhairahawa : Maxima Eye Care

Nepalgunj : Delica, Spectra Healthcare-Rojo

Those having an excellent communication skills, ability to work in a team & willingness to work in odd hours, then please send your CV via e-mail career@nationalhealthcare.com.np 

Deadline : 2080-08-27

Address : Kamalpokhari, Kathmandu, Nepal

Tel: 01-4544878

Oath of a Pharmacist

 

Name Registration Exam Syllabus for B. Pharmacy

 

Career in Regulatory Affairs | Job Roles | Salary | 2023

A career in Regulatory Affairs is a vital component of the pharmaceutical and healthcare industry, ensuring that products comply with regulatory standards and guidelines. Understanding the nuances of Regulatory Affairs can enhance your comprehension of the regulatory landscape. Here's an overview:

Job Roles:

1. Regulatory Affairs Specialist:

   • Responsible for preparing and submitting regulatory documents to health authorities.
   • Ensures compliance with regulations and guidelines during product development and approval processes.

2. Regulatory Affairs Manager/Director:

   • Oversees regulatory strategies for product development and market approval.
   • Manages regulatory teams, ensuring adherence to global regulatory requirements.

3. Quality Assurance Specialist:

   • Collaborates with Regulatory Affairs to ensure products meet quality standards.
   • Develops and implements quality assurance processes.

4. Compliance Officer:

• Monitors and enforces adherence to regulatory standards within the organization.
• Develops and updates compliance policies.

Salary:

Salaries in Regulatory Affairs vary based on factors such as experience, education, and geographical location. Entry-level positions, like Regulatory Affairs Associates, may start around $60,000 to $80,000 annually. Mid-level roles, such as Regulatory Affairs Managers, can earn between $90,000 to $120,000. Senior positions, including Regulatory Affairs Directors, may have salaries exceeding $150,000, and executives with significant experience can earn even more.

Future Scope:

1. Globalization of Regulations:

   • Increasing globalization requires regulatory professionals to navigate complex international regulatory landscapes.

2. Advanced Technologies:

   • Integration of advanced technologies, such as data analytics and artificial intelligence, will impact regulatory processes.

3. Biotechnology and Personalized Medicine:

   • Growing focus on biopharmaceuticals and personalized medicine requires expertise in evolving regulatory frameworks.

4. Emerging Markets:

   • Expansion of pharmaceutical markets in emerging economies creates opportunities for regulatory professionals to address diverse regulatory requirements.

5. Digital Health:

   • Regulatory Affairs will play a crucial role in navigating the regulatory challenges associated with digital health technologies and innovations.

A career in Regulatory Affairs offers stability, professional growth, and the satisfaction of contributing to the development and approval of safe and effective healthcare products. As a Medical Sales Officer, understanding regulatory aspects enhances your ability to communicate effectively with healthcare professionals and clients in a highly regulated industry.

Global Concept on Pharma Research

Pharmaceutical research plays a pivotal role in advancing medical science and improving global healthcare. As a digital creator having a broad understanding of the global landscape in pharmaceutical research can be beneficial. Here's an overview:

1. Drug Discovery and Development:

   • Pharmaceutical research involves the discovery and development of new drugs to treat various medical conditions.
   • This process includes preclinical studies, clinical trials, and regulatory approval.

2. Global Collaboration:

• Pharma research often requires collaboration among researchers, pharmaceutical companies, academic institutions, and regulatory bodies on a global scale.
• International partnerships accelerate the pace of drug development and bring together diverse expertise.

1. Technological Advancements:

   • Rapid technological advancements, such as genomics, proteomics, and high-throughput screening, are revolutionizing drug discovery.
   • Integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning enhances data analysis and accelerates research processes.

2. Biopharmaceuticals and Personalized Medicine:

   • Increasing focus on biopharmaceuticals, including monoclonal antibodies and gene therapies.
   • Growing interest in personalized medicine tailored to individual genetic profiles.

3. Regulatory Environment:

   • Stringent regulatory processes ensure the safety and efficacy of pharmaceutical products.
   • Global regulatory agencies, such as the FDA (U.S.), EMA (Europe), and others, set standards for drug approval.

4. Global Health Challenges:

   • Pharma research addresses global health challenges, including infectious diseases, non-communicable diseases, and emerging health threats.
   • The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the importance of rapid vaccine development and global collaboration.

5. Access to Medicines:

   • Ensuring equitable access to medicines is a global concern.
   • Initiatives aim to address affordability and availability, especially in developing countries.

6. Environmental Sustainability:

   • The pharmaceutical industry is increasingly focusing on sustainable practices, including environmentally friendly drug manufacturing and packaging.

7. Market Dynamics:

   • Global pharmaceutical markets are influenced by factors such as healthcare policies, market competition, and patent expirations.

Understanding these global aspects of pharmaceutical research is valuable in your role, as it provides insights into the broader context of healthcare, allowing you to better navigate discussions with healthcare professionals and stakeholders. Stay updated on industry trends, breakthroughs, and regulatory developments to enhance your effectiveness in the dynamic field of pharmaceuticals.